{"id":1206,"date":"2026-01-06T19:44:00","date_gmt":"2026-01-06T18:44:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/forestgreen-narwhal-209192.hostingersite.com\/?p=1206"},"modified":"2026-01-06T20:23:57","modified_gmt":"2026-01-06T19:23:57","slug":"pristup-modernich-spolecnosti-k-pravnim-rizikum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/legans.cz\/en\/pristup-modernich-spolecnosti-k-pravnim-rizikum\/","title":{"rendered":"P\u0159\u00edstup modern\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed k pr\u00e1vn\u00edm rizik\u016fm"},"content":{"rendered":"

Existence pr\u00e1vn\u00edch rizik a pot\u0159eba jejich \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed nejsou ve firemn\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b nov\u00fdm fenom\u00e9nem. Proto je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 sledovat, jak se p\u0159\u00edstup spole\u010dnost\u00ed v jejich zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu 20. a 21. stolet\u00ed vyv\u00edjel. Historick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj ukazuje, \u017ee schopnost spole\u010dnost\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsobit se pr\u00e1vn\u00edm rizik\u016fm \u00fazce souvis\u00ed s rozvojem podnikov\u00fdch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch t\u00fdm\u016f. Od prvn\u00edch antimonopoln\u00edch z\u00e1kon\u016f a\u017e po sou\u010dasnou regulaci hraj\u00ed firemn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edci kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli nejen p\u0159i ochran\u011b, ale i p\u0159i rozvoji podnik\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Doba \u010dten\u00ed: <\/strong>6 minut<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Modern\u00ed historie se za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 ps\u00e1t na p\u0159elomu devaten\u00e1ct\u00e9ho a dvac\u00e1t\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, kdy Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty p\u0159ijaly prvn\u00ed komplexn\u00ed antimonopoln\u00ed z\u00e1kon na sv\u011bt\u011b, tzv. Sherman\u016fv z\u00e1kon. Jeho uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed se uk\u00e1zalo jako n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9, co\u017e vedlo Kongres k p\u0159ijet\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1kon\u016f, kter\u00e9 jej m\u011bly pos\u00edlit. Podnikatel\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed z antimonopoln\u00ed pravidla poru\u0161ili, riskovali nejen vysok\u00e9 pokuty, ale tak\u00e9 hrozb\u011b odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody[1]. Spole\u010dnosti na tuto situaci reagovaly rychle: nap\u0159\u00edklad spole\u010dnost DuPont & Nemours je\u0161t\u011b t\u00e9ho\u017e roku zalo\u017eila vlastn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed, aby se dok\u00e1zala vypo\u0159\u00e1dat s nov\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi hrozbami[2].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tento v\u00fdvoj zah\u00e1jil tzv. „zlat\u00fd v\u011bk“ podnikov\u00fdch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch poradc\u016f. Jejich rady vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1ny a cen\u011bny, co\u017e jim zajistilo v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 postaven\u00ed ve firm\u00e1ch. Toto obdob\u00ed v\u011bhlasu podnikov\u00fdch pr\u00e1vn\u00edk\u016f v\u0161ak brzy vyst\u0159\u00eddalo obdob\u00ed \u00fapadku, kter\u00e9 je odsunulo do pozad\u00ed[3]. Tuto zm\u011bnu lze p\u0159i\u010d\u00edst n\u011bkter\u00fdm sociologick\u00fdm faktor\u016fm, jako je vzestup nov\u00e9 profesionalizovan\u00e9 elity podnikov\u00e9ho managementu a n\u00e1stupem mocn\u00fdch velk\u00fdch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch firem. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00fdznam podnikov\u00fdch pr\u00e1vn\u00edk\u016f se znovu zv\u00fd\u0161il od 70. let 20. stolet\u00ed, kdy pr\u00e1vn\u00ed regulace znovu nabyla na intenzit\u011b. Pot\u0159eba podnikov\u00fdch pr\u00e1vn\u00edk\u016f jednodu\u0161e souvis\u00ed s mno\u017estv\u00edm pr\u00e1vn\u00edch rizik, kter\u00fdm podniky \u010del\u00ed. Dne\u0161n\u00ed neb\u00fdval\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 regulace logicky odpov\u00edd\u00e1 razantn\u00edmu n\u00e1vratu intern\u00edch pr\u00e1vn\u00edk\u016f do kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch funkc\u00ed ve firm\u00e1ch[4], a to nejen v USA, ale i v Evrop\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Statistiky ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee gener\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed poradci jsou v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b st\u00e1le v\u00edce za\u010dlen\u011bni do \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00edch org\u00e1n\u016f<\/strong>: nejen\u017ee \u010dast\u011bji p\u0159\u00edmo podl\u00e9haj\u00ed gener\u00e1ln\u00edm \u0159editel\u016fm, ale tak\u00e9 se \u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed zased\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edstavenstva, nemluv\u011b o tom, \u017ee v\u00edce ne\u017e polovina z nich zast\u00e1v\u00e1 tak\u00e9 funkci podnikov\u00e9ho tajemn\u00edka[5]. Podobn\u00e9 trendy lze pozorovat i v Evrop\u011b. V roce 2021 byli t\u0159i ze \u010dty\u0159 francouzsk\u00fdch gener\u00e1ln\u00edch tajemn\u00edk\u016f sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed p\u0159edstavenstva (co\u017e byl v roce 2016 p\u0159\u00edpad i 42 % \u010desk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed integrovan\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed t\u00fdm) a 53 % bylo p\u0159\u00edmo pod\u0159\u00edzeno gener\u00e1ln\u00edmu \u0159editeli (resp. 9 % t\u011bchto \u010desk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed)[6].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Toto op\u011btovn\u00e9 za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edch poradc\u016f do nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch funkc\u00ed ukazuje na prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed transformaci t\u00e9to profese. Zat\u00edmco podnikov\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edci byli dlouho pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za mana\u017eery soudn\u00edch spor\u016f ex post, nyn\u00ed se st\u00e1le v\u00edce aktivn\u011b pod\u00edlej\u00ed na strategick\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed<\/strong>[7]. St\u00e1vaj\u00ed se obchodn\u00edmi partnery; nam\u00edsto brzd\u011bn\u00ed rozvoje a stav\u011bn\u00ed bari\u00e9r naopak pom\u00e1haj\u00ed rozv\u00edjet obchodn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti<\/strong>[8].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Historie ukazuje, \u017ee role pr\u00e1vn\u00edch poradc\u016f je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 pro p\u0159izp\u016fsobov\u00e1n\u00ed podnik\u016f pr\u00e1vn\u00edm rizik\u016fm. S rostouc\u00ed regulac\u00ed z n\u00ed vypl\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch rizik se integrovan\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed t\u00fdmy staly nezbytnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed organizac\u00ed. Pro v\u011bt\u0161inu americk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed je dnes nemysliteln\u00e9 nem\u00edt pr\u00e1vn\u00ed poradce na provozn\u00ed \u00farovni, v evropsk\u00e9m podnikatelsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed se tento trend rychle za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 prosazovat[9]. Spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e9 tuto zm\u011bnu p\u0159ijmou, z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed nejen odolnost v\u016f\u010di pr\u00e1vn\u00edm rizik\u016fm, ale tak\u00e9 v\u00fdznamnou konkuren\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdhodu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

________________________________________<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1] Viz G. J. WERDEN, „Individu\u00e1ln\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost podle Shermanova z\u00e1kona: The Early Years „, Antitrust, 2017 2016, \u010d. 2, s. 100.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2] Viz B. O’MEARA, „Chapter 1: In-house versus out-house“, in Insights into Successfully Managing the In-house Legal Function, Thorogood Publishing Ltd., 8. 1. 2004, s. 6.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3] Viz E. WALD, “ Getting in and out of the House: E.: The Worlds of in-House Counsel, Big Law, and Emerging Career Trajectories of in-House Lawyers Kolokvium: Corporate Lawyers „, Fordham Law Review, 2020 2019, \u010d. 5, s. 1767-1772 ; C.E. BAGLEY, M. ROELLIG et G. MASSAMENO, “ Who Let the Lawyers out?: Reconstructing the Role of the Chief Legal Officer and the Corporate Client in a Globalizing World „, University Of Pennsylvania Journal Of Business Law, 2016 2015, \u010d. 2, s. 432-434.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4] Tamt\u00e9\u017e. Viz tak\u00e9 J. C. LIPSON, B. ENGEL et J. CRESPO, “ Who’s in the House – The Changing Nature and Role of In-House and General Counsel Symposium: The Changing Role and Nature of In-House and General Counsel: Foreword „, Wisconsin Law Review, 2012, \u010d. 2, s. 239-240 ; O.S. SIMMONS et J.D. DINNAGE, “ Innkeepers: A Unifying Theory of the In-House Counsel Role „, Seton Hall Law Review, 2011, \u010d. 1, s. 99-106.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5] Viz ACC Chief legal officers survey, Association of Corporate Counsel, 2023, s. 5 ; D.R. ORS, “ In Practice: R. Ors: The expanding influence & impact of the Chief Legal Officer „, Thomson Reuters Institute, 7 juin 2022, dostupn\u00e9 na https:\/\/www.thomsonreuters.com\/en-us\/posts\/legal\/in-practice-chief-legal-officer\/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6] Pro francouzsk\u00e9 statistiky viz Cartographie des directions juridiques 2021, LEXqi Conseil, septembre 2021 ; S. ZGUENDI, “ Quel est le r\u00f4le du d\u00e9partement juridique au sein de l’entreprise ? „, DiliTrust, 28 f\u00e9vrier 2023; a za \u010desk\u00e9 PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS LEGAL S.R.O., “ \u010cesk\u00e9 firmy sv\u00fdm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm odd\u011blen\u00edm v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00e1 druh\u00e1 m\u00e1 z\u00e1stupce tohoto odd\u011blen\u00ed ve sv\u00e9m nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm veden\u00ed „, Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed prostor, 5 octobre 2016, dostupn\u00e9 na https:\/\/www.pravniprostor.cz\/aktuality\/aktuality\/ceske-firmy-svym-pravnim-oddelenim-veri-temer-kazda-druha-ma-zastupce-tohoto-oddeleni-ve-svem-nejvyssim-vedeni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7] Viz nap\u0159\u00edklad E.N. Veasey, „Evolution of the Role of General Counsel“, in Indispensable counsel the chief legal officer in the new reality, Oxford ;, Oxford University Press, 2012, s. 27; JONATHAN S. ARONIE ZE SHEPPARD, MULLIN, RICHTER & HAMPTON LLP, “ The Role Of The Chief Legal Officer „, The National Law Review, 19 juillet 2023 ; C. COLLARD et C. ROQUILLY, “ Les risques juridiques et leur cartographie : proposition de m\u00e9thodologie „, Revue Des Sciences De Gestion, 2013, \u010d. 5-6, s. 45.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8] Viz nap\u0159\u00edklad M. Lewis, “ The evolving structure of in-house legal departments „, In-House Perspective, b\u0159ezen 2022, s. 18; C. HUSSON, “ Juriste d’entreprise, „un m\u00e9tier sui generis“-Questions \u00e0 Christian Husson, Directeur juridique de Renault „, Lexbase Avocats, d\u00e9cembre 2010, n\u00b0 55, disponible sur https:\/\/www.doctrinal.fr\/notice\/482940-juriste-dentreprise-un-metier-sui-generisquestions-a-christian-husson-directeur-juridique-de-renault; J. JANUS, “ Proti advok\u00e1t\u016fm se nevymezujeme „, \u010cesk\u00e1 advok\u00e1tn\u00ed komora, 2013.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9] Viz nap\u0159\u00edklad R.C. BIRD et D. OROZCO, “ Finding the Right Corporate Legal Strategy „, MIT Sloan Management Review, z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2014, \u010d. 1, s. 81; O. CHADUTEAU, “ Les cabinets d’avocats d’affaires en France „, Commentaire, 2014, \u010d. 3, s. 1. 600 ; UNIE PODNIKOV\u00ddCH PRAVNIKU \u010cR, “ Ivana F\u00e1ra: podnikov\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00edk je ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed byznysu „, LinkedIn, 17 janvier 2022, disponible sur https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/pulse\/ivana-f%C3%A1ra-podnikov%C3%BD-pr%C3%A1vn%C3%ADk-je-ned%C3%ADlnou-sou%C4%8D%C3%A1st%C3%AD-byznysu-uppcr\/; A. VEJVODOVA, “ Podnikov\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edci stoupaj\u00ed na firemn\u00edch \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dc\u00edch „, Ekonom, 22 septembre 2022.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Existence pr\u00e1vn\u00edch rizik a pot\u0159eba jejich \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed nejsou ve firemn\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b nov\u00fdm fenom\u00e9nem. Proto je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 sledovat, jak se p\u0159\u00edstup spole\u010dnost\u00ed v jejich zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu 20. a 21. stolet\u00ed vyv\u00edjel. Historick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj ukazuje, \u017ee schopnost spole\u010dnost\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsobit se pr\u00e1vn\u00edm rizik\u016fm \u00fazce souvis\u00ed s rozvojem podnikov\u00fdch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch t\u00fdm\u016f. Od prvn\u00edch antimonopoln\u00edch z\u00e1kon\u016f a\u017e po sou\u010dasnou regulaci […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1229,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1206","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/legans.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1206","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/legans.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/legans.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legans.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legans.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1206"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/legans.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1206\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1207,"href":"https:\/\/legans.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1206\/revisions\/1207"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legans.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1229"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/legans.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1206"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legans.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1206"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/legans.cz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1206"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}